Category Archives: Museums

Gallery I – Philippine Biodiversity (National Museum of Natural History, Manila)

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Gallery I (Philippine Biodiversity)

Gallery I (Philippine Biodiversity), the introductory gallery of the National Museum of Natural History, introduces the various dynamics that shaped, and is still shaping, our biological diversity.  It highlights the amazing diversity (more than 52,000 described species) of both flora and fauna of the country, both through replicas and petrified, and dioramas.

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A Menagerie of Birds from the Philippines

The gallery wishes to convey three biological principles that tell the story of why and how the Philippines is a Megadiverse yet also a Biologically Hotspot country. A Megadiverse country is a country with very rich biodiversity per unit area while a “Biological Hotspot” is a term used to indicate that a country or locality is under tremendous threat from human activities.

Shells by the Seashore and Deep Blue Sea

The three principles that it wants to communicate answers the questions of “Why the Philippines is home to an immense diversity in number and variety of organisms yet also has the most threat to them;” why we have elevated genetic variety across our species diversity” and “why geologic forces have played a major role in the diversity of our fauna and flora.”

The author beside Lolong

On display here are the taxidermied skins of Lolong (caught in 2011 in Bunawan, Agusan del Sur, it was the world’s largest saltwater crocodile, at 6.17 m., in captivity until its death on February 10, 2013) and the critically endangered Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi), the country’s national bird.

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The Philippine Eagle

There are also taxidermied skins of nocturnal raptors (Luzon Scops Owl, Philippine Scops Owl, etc.), hornbills; forest rats, pigeons; doves; marine species (turtles, etc.) and diverse wild vertebrates of the Philippines.

Diverse Wild Vertebrates of the Philippines

Philippine Rafflesia

Also on display are a collection of shells by the seashore and deep blue sea; insects; moths and animal skulls (notably that of a tamaraw) as well as specimen samples of rattan; endemic plant genera in the Philippines; Philippine rafflesia and Venus flower basket.

The Science of Skulls

Gallery I (Philippine Biodiversity): Sunlife Philippines Exhibition Hall, 5/F, National Museum of Natural History,  Agrifina Circle in Rizal Park, T.M. Kalaw Street, corner General Luna Street, Manila. Open Tuesdays – Sundays,   9 AM to 12 noon (cut off time is 11 AM) and 1 to 4 PM (cut off time is 3 PM). Tel: 82981100 local 3000 and 85277889.  E-mail:  cmvod@nationalmuseum.ph or inquiry@nationalmuseumph.gov.ph. Visitors shall be limited to 100 per museum per session. Visitors are required to pre-book online at https://reservation.nationalmuseum.gov at least a day before the visit. Confirmation of booking will be sent through email.Group reservations are limited to five (5) persons only.  Walk-in visitors will NOT be accommodated.  Coordinates: 14°34′59.9″N 120°58′55.9″E.

Gallery VIII – Freshwater Wetlands – National Museum of Natural History, Manila)

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Gallery VIII (Freshwater Wetlands)

Gallery VIII (Freshwater Wetlands) of the National Museum of Natural History features scaled models of some noteworthy freshwater wetlands in the country such as Taal Lake (Batangas), the seven lakes of San Pablo City (Laguna), Balinsasayao Twin Lakes (Negros Oriental), Paoay Lake (Ilocos Norte) and Lake Sebu (South Cotabato).

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Balinsasayao Twin Lakes (Negros Oriental)

Taal Lake (Batangas)

Paoay Lake

Unique species of plants and animals associated to freshwater ecosystems are presented in the form of preserved specimens, videos, photographs and models.

Winter Visitors

Rails and Allies

One of a kind specimens exhibited here include the Kabauing-bauing Isoetes philippinensis (a species of freshwater plant found only in Lanao Province and nowhere else) and the Bucal freshwater crab (Sundathelphusa sp.), a newly described species of cavernicolous freshwater crab in Luzon.

Brahminy Kite

Philippine Duck

Sixteen graphic panels (Agro-Biodiversity and Beneficial Insects, Conservation and Protection of the Philippine Crocodile, Endemism on Philippine Freshwater Wetlands, Plant Resources from Freshwater Wetlands, Wetlands and Migration, Threats to Inland Freshwater Ecosystems, Seasons – Wet and Dry, Plant Resources from Freshwater Wetlands, Marshes and Swamps, Rivers, Lakes, etc.) showcase freshwater ecosystems, conservation activities, species and habitats.

Marbled Monitor Lizard

Philippine Crocodile

The gallery also highlights the Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis) and Philippine duck (Anas luzonica) which are both unique to the country’s freshwater wetlands.

Gallery VIII (Freshwater Wetlands): Megaworld Exhibition Hall, 4/F, National Museum of Natural History:  Agrifina Circle in Rizal Park, T.M. Kalaw Street, corner General Luna Street, Manila. Open Tuesdays – Sundays,   9 AM to 12 noon (cut off time is 11 AM) and 1 to 4 PM (cut off time is 3 PM). Tel: 82981100 local 3000 and 85277889.  E-mail:  cmvod@nationalmuseum.ph or inquiry@nationalmuseumph.gov.ph. Visitors shall be limited to 100 per museum per session. Visitors are required to pre-book online at https://reservation.nationalmuseum.gov at least a day before the visit. Confirmation of booking will be sent through email.Group reservations are limited to five (5) persons only.  Walk-in visitors will NOT be accommodated.  Coordinates: 14°34′59.9″N 120°58′55.9″E.

Gallery VII – Ultramafic and Limestone Karst Forests – National Museum of Natural History, Manila)

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Gallery VII (Ultramafic and Limestone Karst Forests)

Gallery VII (Ultramafic and Limestone Karst Forests) of the National Museum of Natural History features the two unique forest types in the Philippines that are produced by geological features called ophiolites.

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Limestone Karst Forest in Quezon Protected Landscape

Pygmy Forest in Dinagat Island

This gallery expounds how the country’s unique geological formation shapes the exceptional flora and fauna of the Philippines.

Karst Geckos

Limestone Frogs

Shown in this gallery are the metallophytes and carnivorous plants (Exocarpus latifolius, Scaevola micrantha, several species of Xanthostemon, Greenlopsis and Phyllanthus, etc.) that are well adapted to the iron-rich, nutrient-deficient ultramafic soil such as the “bonsai” or other small trees that form a pygmy forest.

Metallophyte Plants

Flora – Greeniopsis discolor at left and Philippine Iron Wood (Xanthostemon verdugonianus) at right

The exceptional faunal diversity of the ultramafic (also called utrabasic) and limestone karst forests is also displayed.  It also houses mini replicas of ultramafic and limestone karst forests in the country.

Replica of a Cave

Stalactites and Stalagmites

A replica of a cave is filled with limestone, stalagmites, stalactites as well as animals that can be found in such an environment such as the Glossy Swiftlet (Collocalia esculenta), Philippine Cave Crab (Karstarma philippinarum), whip spiders, Tailless whip scorpions and vinegaroons.

Philippine Cave Crab (Karstarma philippinarum)

Ultramafic Rocks

Gallery VII (Ultramafic and Limestone Karst Forests): First Philippine Holdings Exhibition Hall, 4/F, National Museum of Natural History:  Agrifina Circle in Rizal Park, T.M. Kalaw Street, corner General Luna Street, Manila. Open Tuesdays – Sundays,   9 AM to 12 noon (cut off time is 11 AM) and 1 to 4 PM (cut off time is 3 PM). Tel: 82981100 local 3000 and 85277889.  E-mail:  cmvod@nationalmuseum.ph or inquiry@nationalmuseumph.gov.ph. Visitors shall be limited to 100 per museum per session. Visitors are required to pre-book online at https://reservation.nationalmuseum.gov at least a day before the visit. Confirmation of booking will be sent through email.Group reservations are limited to five (5) persons only.  Walk-in visitors will NOT be accommodated.  Coordinates: 14°34′59.9″N 120°58′55.9″E.

Gallery IX – Mangroves, Beaches and Intertidal Zones – National Museum of Natural History, Manila)

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Gallery IX (Mangroves, Beaches and Intertidal Zones)

Gallery IX (Mangroves, Beaches and Intertidal Zones) of the National Museum of Natural History highlights the different types of coastal ecosystems such as beach forest, intertidal zone, mud flat, sandy beach, sea grass bed and mangrove forest.

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This exhibition  features diverse marine as well as terrestrial organisms that are commonly found in the vast coastal ecosystems of the Philippines.

L-R: Sandy Beaches, Tidal Pools and Rocky Shores

L-R: Seagrass Meadows and Mudflats

It also showcases the significant floral diversity of the intertidal zones such as sea grass and identified mangrove species with emphasis on its conservation campaigns.

It also educates people in the importance of such trees in our environment for us and the animals (crabs, shrimp, mollusks and fish) that use mangroves as their main habitat.

Nipa and Bakawan Fruits

L-R: Sargassum ilicifolium and Halimeda macrolaba Decalsne

The gallery features the life-size diorama of a mangrove forest, various taxidermied species commonly found in such environment, such as the Little Heron (Butorides striatus), Little Egret (Egretta garzetta), Hawkbill turtle (Erecmochelys imbricata) and Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata), and sea creatures of the so-called intertidal zone.

Little Heron

Little Egret

FYI: Historians have long contended that one of the plausible origins of the name Manila could have come from the phrase may nilad  meaning “where nilad is. The nilad (Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea) is a mangrove tree which once grew abundantly along Manila Bay and the banks of the Pasig River.

Nilad (Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea)

Gallery IX  (Mangroves, Beaches and Intertidal Zones): 3/F, Bloomberry North Exhibition Hall, National Museum of Natural History, Agrifina Circle, Rizal Park, T.M. Kalaw cor. Gen. Luna Sts., Manila. Open Tuesdays – Sundays,   9 AM to 12 noon (cut off time is 11 AM) and 1 to 4 PM (cut off time is 3 PM). Tel: 82981100 local 3000 and 85277889.  E-mail:  cmvod@nationalmuseum.ph or inquiry@nationalmuseumph.gov.ph. Visitors shall be limited to 100 per museum per session. Visitors are required to pre-book online at https://reservation.nationalmuseum.gov at least a day before the visit. Confirmation of booking will be sent through email.Group reservations are limited to five (5) persons only.  Walk-in visitors will NOT be accommodated.  Coordinates: 14°34′59.9″N 120°58′55.9″E.

Gallery X – The Marine Realm – National Museum of Natural History, Manila)

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Gallery X (The Marine Realm)

Gallery X (The Marine Realm) of the National Museum of Natural History provides a closer look at underwater scenes.  Here, visitors will virtually wade on the sandy-coral reef ,with stingrays and dories swimming around. As visitors wade through, the fishes will scatter away from them.

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The author

On the left side of the “Interactive Fish Experience on Floor” is  “Coral Diversity of the Philippines” which showcases different species of stony and fan corals displayed in glass cases, with general information about them described on the graphic panel beside the showcases.

 

A few steps away from the glass cases is a portion of a reef’s replica, with sample of iron mooring (a good mooring that should be practiced by fishermen and tourists who would want to snorkel or dive in coral reefs to avoid destroying the corals) permanently attached to the substrate displayed, from where a buoy is attached to the mooring as it goes up the surface and linked to a banca overhead.

Species of coral

Similarly, the banca above (suspended from the ceiling giving the impression that it is on the surface of the sea) shows the fish caught by the use of hook-and-line. Here, visitors learn about practices to make fishing sustainable as well as how important coral-dwelling species are for food.

Species of coral

Aware of the fragility of the coral reef, visitors will also learn about the threats to the corals as well as the organisms that thrive in the coral reef ecosystem. Hence, visitors will learn that there is collaboration of the government and the NGOs to conserve coral reef and to impose measures to protect them.  A video explaining one of the scientific areas of study (i.e., marine research) is continuously shown.

Replica of a submarine

A replica of a submarine, presenting an interactive underwater experience, invites visitors to consider which way their own actions will take the ocean in the future. The portholes or “windows” inside the submarine show various footage of different underwater, deep sea and reef views of sea creatures as one goes from the entrance, where shallow portions of the sea are displayed, and experience going down to depths of about 150 m. below the surface of the sea.

A school of yellowfin tuna

At the Open Sea portion of the gallery, visitors will have an opportunity to experience the large and small pelagic creatures in which life-sized casts of large fauna such as the whale shark (butanding), manta rays, schools of yellowfin tuna, stingray and bottlenose dolphins are lit by programmed moving lights that suggests the animals are moving.

Reef Manta Ray

Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) and whale shark (Rhincodon typus)

Large glass jars, set on a continuous curved base and lit from below, displays waves of specimens.

Glass jars with waves of specimens

The first wave presents shallow-water forms, the middle wave shows the pelagic specimens and the third wave shows the organisms occupying the deepest part of the sea.

Glass jars with waves of specimens

Visitors will also learn that marine scientists often employed scuba diving in studying undersea marine flora and fauna. Seen overhead is a replica of a scuba diver while the science of scuba diving is explained on the graphic panel behind the replica diver.

Replica scuba diver

Behind the wave of specimens are videos and graphic panels explaining and showing the different kinds of phytoplankton and zooplankton that form the base of the marine food web, making visitors realize that the oceans or the seas are filled with tiny organisms.

Jandy

To make the experience more interesting, an interactive video of marine mammals as well as the organisms in different zones of the ocean are shown. Visitors will discover that ocean species, like land species, may be found only in particular zones of the sea.

Wading a sandy coral reef via a virtual reality screen on the floor

At the far end of the gallery, beside the infinity mirror where school of tuna are seen, is the “Abyss” where visitors will learn the deep-sea creatures inhabiting the darkest part of the ocean.

Sunfish

The other side of the gallery are lined with more showcases and open storage drawers where the Fernando Dayrit’s collection of shells are in full view as well as the different fishes, echinoderms, crustaceans and a large green sea turtle are displayed.

Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Gallery X (The Marine Realm): Bloomberry South Exhibition Hall, 3/F, National Museum of Natural History:  Agrifina Circle, Rizal Park, T.M. Kalaw cor. Gen. Luna Sts., Manila. Open Tuesdays – Sundays,   9 AM to 12 noon (cut off time is 11 AM) and 1 to 4 PM (cut off time is 3 PM). Tel: 82981100 local 3000 and 85277889.  E-mail:  cmvod@nationalmuseum.ph or inquiry@nationalmuseumph.gov.ph. Visitors shall be limited to 100 per museum per session. Visitors are required to pre-book online at https://reservation.nationalmuseum.gov at least a day before the visit. Confirmation of booking will be sent through email. Group reservations are limited to five (5) persons only.  Walk-in visitors will NOT be accommodated.  Coordinates: 14°34′59.9″N 120°58′55.9″E.

The Sad Tale of Lolong (National Museum of Natural History, Manila)

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One of the prominent osteological specimens and main attractions on display at the National Museum of Natural History, hanging from the ceiling of Ayala Hall, is the skeleton of Lolong, the Philippine’s largest saltwater crocodile  (in captivity) ever recorded and officially certified by the Guinness Book of World Records on June 2012.

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The taxidermied Lolong at Galley I (Philippine Biodiversity) of the National Museum of Natural Historyin Manila

This Indo-Pacific saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) weighed (via a truck weigh-bridge) 1,075 kgs. (2,365 lbs.), was estimated, subjectively, to be 50 to 60 years old and the crocodile was measured, sedated (via pancuronium bromide and diazepam), from the tip of the snout to the end of its tail, at 6.17 m. (20 ft., 3 in.), by Australian crocodile expert and zoologist Dr. Adam Britton, for Natural History New Zealand and National Geographic, in his enclosure on November 9, 2011.  Lolong broke the record of previous record-holder Cassius, the 5.48 m. (18 ft.) long male saltwater crocodile weighing around 998 kgs. (2,200 lbs.), kept captivity, since 1984, in the crocodile park of MarineLand Melanesia on Green Island, off the shore of Cairns in Queensland, Australia

This crocodile was suspected of eating a fisherman who went missing on June 2011 in the town of Bunawan in the province of Agusan del Sur, and also of consuming a 12 year old Rowena Romano paddling her way to school in Lake Mihaba.  Her head was discovered on March 7, 2009. He was also the primary suspect in the disappearance of water buffaloes in the known area. However, after his capture, Lolong was subjected to a purgative session, pumped with clean, fresh water until all the contents of his belly were upchucked.  Upon examination of the contents of his stomach, no remnants of human remains nor of the missing water buffaloes were found.

The author beside Lolong

He was captured on September 3, 2011 with the joint cooperation of the local government unit, residents and crocodile hunters of Palawan led by the 49 year old Ernesto “Lolong” Goloran Canete (the Philippines’ version of “Crocodile Dundee”), one of the veteran crocodile hunters from the Palawan Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Center (PWRCC).  The crocodile was hunted over a period of three weeks and it took around 100 people to bring him onto land. During the capture in a Bunawan creek in Barangay Nueva Era, he became, at several points, aggressive and broke restraining steel ropes (baited with carabao meat) four times before eventually being properly secured by a fifth, thicker cabled noose.

However, after weeks of stalking the crocodile, the hunt took its toll on Cañete’s health and, several days before the crocodile was captured, he died of a heart attack in August 28, 2011 (Cañete’s assistant led the successful capture).  In his memory, the crocodile was named after him. After his capture, Lolong, now in a small, hastily and cheaply prepared enclosed artificial pond with a concrete bottom, became the centerpiece in the Bunawan Ecopark and Wildlife Reservation Center, an ecotourism park in Barangay Consuelo, located 8 kms. from the town, for species found in the marshlands.

However, around 8:05 PM on February 10, 2013, just one and a half years after his capture, Lolong flipped over on its side and died inside his miserable compound. The necropsy (skinning of the carcass and other post-mortem procedures) revealed he had died of chronic interstitial pneumonia and cardiac arrest, which was aggravated by a fungal infection and stress brought about by his captivity. Large crocodiles often need to spend a large amount of time in water to alleviate the stress their weight puts on their body and the pool would frequently be drained to allow visitors a better look at him, helping to damage his internal organs which, potentially lead to his death.

Lolong’s carcass was first buried in the eco-park and then later exhumed and temporarily kept in freezers at Davao Crocodile Park.  On July 2013, a memorandum of agreement was signed between the new National Museum of Natural History and Bunawan town authorities for the museum to inherit and enshrine Lolong in its then-planned new museum. With Lolong’s death, the title of the world’s biggest crocodile in captivity reverted back to the aforementioned Cassius.  Likewise, the country’s largest crocodile in captivity reverted back to the 18 ft. long Pangil in the aforementioned Davao Crocodile Park.

To preserve his remains, taxidermy was performed at Philippine National Museum of Natural History.  Taking nearly 5 years to process both his skeleton and skin, zoologists, museum researchers and technicians worked to preserve its bones, assemble them and plan the best way to display the fragile specimen.  Exhibition fabricators, installation specialists and conservators also devised a steel frame to make sure the skeleton is securely held together and, in the process, will not be damaged.  Lolong’s skeleton was displayed as if it were swimming underwater and ready to attack its prey. Today the skeleton is displayed, hanging, at the museum’s Ayala Reception Hall.

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The suspended skeleton of Lolong at Ayala Hall of the National Museum of Natural History in Manila

It took 12 people to lift the crocodile to its new home at the said museum.  The preserved skin is displayed at Gallery I (Philippine Biodiversity) at the fifth floor of the museum.  As the head and snout did not survive the post-mortem preservation stages, they are synthetic and difficult to recreate.  In the taxidermal stages, Lolong might have shrunk as much as 15%, so it shorter by as much as 3 ft.  Accordingly, the girth is also smaller.

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National Museum of Natural History:  Agrifina Circle in Rizal Park, T.M. Kalaw Street, corner General Luna Street, Manila. Open Tuesdays – Sundays,   9 AM to 12 noon (cut off time is 11 AM) and 1 to 4 PM (cut off time is 3 PM). Tel: 82981100 local 3000 and 85277889.  E-mail:  cmvod@nationalmuseum.ph or inquiry@nationalmuseumph.gov.ph. Visitors shall be limited to 100 per museum per session. Visitors are required to pre-book online at https://reservation.nationalmuseum.gov at least a day before the visit. Confirmation of booking will be sent through email. Group reservations are limited to five (5) persons only.  Walk-in visitors will NOT be accommodated.  Coordinates: 14°34′59.9″N 120°58′55.9″E.

Ayala Reception Hall (National Museum of Natural History, Manila)

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Ayala Reception Hall

The Ayala Reception Hall, an example of adaptive reuse in the National Museum of Natural History, used to be cut in the middle by a floor. It now holds four important exhibits which were launched last May 2019.

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Hanging skeleton of Lolong

Upon entry, up in the ceiling is the hanging skeleton of  “Lolong,” the former Guinness World Records holder as the largest saltwater crocodile in captivity from September 3, 2011 until his death on February 10, 2013.  His taxidermied body, on the other hand, is displayed at Gallery I (Philippine Biodiversity) at the fifth floor.

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Dome of the 57 stone tools excavated from Awidon Mesa Formation in Rizal, Kalinga

Below it is the exhibit of the tooth and four of the 13 bones of the extinct Philippine rhinoceros (Nesorhinus philippinensis) with cut and butcher marks.  These fossilized Pleistocene Age remains, unearthed in 2014 at the Awidon Mesa Formation in Rizal, Kalinga together with stegodon (Stegodon luzonensis), pig (Celebrochoerus cagayanensis), freshwater turtle, monitor lizard and Philippine brown deer and 57 stone tools (6 cores, 49 flakes and 2 possible hammerstones), is a breakthrough in the field of paleoanthropology.

Left humerus of Nesorhinus philippinensis

It proved early human activity around 709,000 years ago, 10 times earlier than previously believed. Researchers believe that early humans used the stone tools to get the marrow at the bones of the ribs, metacarpals and both humeri of the rhinoceros .

Tooth of Nesorhinus philippinensis

Also in the Ayala Hall is the “Ammonite Mollusk” (Cleonicerus sp.), an index fossil, from the Gotuaco Fossil Collection, which is used as a basis in establishing geological periods.  Dating from the Middle Cretaceous Period (about 100 million years old), it was found in Madagascar.

Ammonite Mollusk (Cleoniceras sp.)

The Conus gloriamaris, also known as the “Glory of the Sea Cone,” a type of marine gastropod mollusk that in the  family Conidae was once believed to be one of the rarest types of shell in the world.  Measuring 179 mm. long, it is probably the largest sea cone shell (of its kind) not just in the country, but in the world.

The Glory of the Sea Cone(Conus gloriamaris)

Ayala Reception Hall: 2/F, National Museum of Natural History,  Agrifina Circle, Rizal Park, T.M. Kalaw cor. Gen. Luna Sts., Manila. Open Tuesdays – Sundays,   9 AM to 12 noon (cut off time is 11 AM) and 1 to 4 PM (cut off time is 3 PM). Tel: 82981100 local 3000 and 85277889.  E-mail:  cmvod@nationalmuseum.ph or inquiry@nationalmuseumph.gov.ph. Visitors shall be limited to 100 per museum per session. Visitors are required to pre-book online at https://reservation.nationalmuseum.gov at least a day before the visit. Confirmation of booking will be sent through email. Group reservations are limited to five (5) persons only.  Walk-in visitors will NOT be accommodated.  Coordinates: 14°34′59.9″N 120°58′55.9″E.

National Museum of Natural History (Manila)

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National Museum of Natural History

The National Museum of Natural History (Filipino: Pambansang Museo ng Likas na Kasaysayan), the national natural history museum of the Philippines, was constructed in 1940 as the Agriculture and Commerce Building. The building, designed in a Neo-Classical style by Filipino Architect Antonio Toledo in the late 1930s, has the same dimensions and floor plan as the Finance Building, its twin building located at the northern side of the circle.

The chamfered corner entrance

In February 1945, during World War II, both buildings were bombarded with heavy artillery fire by American forces and destroyed in the Battle of Manila.  In 1949, after the war, both were reconstructed according to the original plans.

At some point in time, the building was occupied by the Department of Tourism (DOT).  However, the National Museum Act, which was passed in 1998, mandated the conversion of three civic buildings within Rizal Park, the Legislative Building, the Department of Finance Building, and the Department of Tourism Building, into museums. In 1998, the Finance Building became the first to be repurposed with the building converted into the National Museum of Anthropology.

In 2000, the Legislative Building was converted into the National Museum of Fine Arts and, in 2015, the DOT Building became the National Museum of Natural History when the DOT moved its offices to the nearby city of Makati (it is planning to return to Manila after the completion of its proposed headquarters located in Intramuros).

Atrium

In 2013, in preparation to have the DOT Building host the National Museum of Natural History, the National Museum of the Philippines invited five architects to submit proposals for the retrofitting. The design of the team from Dominic Galicia Architects and interior designer Tina Periquet, involving the maintenance of the building’s facade except for the addition of a glass dome supported by a double helix structure inspired by DNA, was chosen.

Upper Courtyard

The project, estimated to cost around ₱1 billion, was initially scheduled to be completed in 2015 in time for the 2015 APEC Summit but the bidding for prospective contractors for the renovation of the building was only done in September 2015.  On September 30, 2017, the National Museum of Natural History was officially inaugurated and, on May 18, 2018, the museum opened.

Mookaite Stone (Radiolarite), Aptian (Lower Cretaceous), about 113 – 125  million years ago, from the Windalia Radiolarite Formation , Mooka Station, Carnarvon, Western Australia

The articulated façade has Corinthian columns and pilasters that rise, from the second floor, to the height of the three storeys of the museum.  The first storey resembles the one storey high plinth where these columns and pilasters rest.  Columns and pilasters , surrounding the entire wall, support the decorative entablatures.

Noreena Stone (Silicified Pelite  or Mudstaone), Late Archaean, 2,765 – ,687 million years ago, is a semi-precious sone from the Jeerinah Formation, Noreena Downs Station, East Pilbara, Western Australia, some 700 miles north of Perth, the capital.

Ornate grillwork decorates the arched windows on the second storey and the rectangular windows on the rest.  The corners of the building are reinforced by Corinthian columns framing a two storey, high arched window.

Stalagmite (Manlapaz Speleothem Collection)

Like the Department of Finance Building, it has an odd trapezium plan with a chamfer at its southeast obtuse vertex and a concave side on its northwest, fronting the rotunda.  Its halls and rooms are orthogonally arranged around a central courtyard with the same trapezium shape.  The chamfered corner entrance is accentuated by a modest pediment.

The Tree of Life

The striking “Tree of Life” foyer (Introduction to the Museum), the atrium’s centerpiece and main feature that forms the spatial and symbolic fulcrum of the museum, is a commanding architectural structure that covers the courtyard of the six-storey building.

Jandy in front of the Tree of Life

It is composed of two parts.  The aluminum and glass-paneled dome serves as the atrium’s ceiling.  The supporting DNA-like, double helix  structure, linking the dome to the atrium’s ground, broadens near the roof, making it similar to a tree trunks leaves and branches extending in the canopy of the museum.

Ramp

The 10-pax scenic central elevator, itself an attraction, offers a great 270-degree view of the museum’s foyer/atrium. It also leads visitors to the ramp system where visitors can move from one floor to the other with ease. The dome brings in a generous amount of light and, on a sunny day, casts pretty shadow patterns on the floor. Prior to the museum’s public opening, the Tree of Life was unveiled on June 28, 2016.

Historical plaque of Tree of Life

The National Museum of Natural History has six floors with 12 galleries that display zoological, botanical and geological specimens with interactive displays, video guides, diagrams and illustrations integrated.

Juan de Cuellar y Villanueva Corridor

First Floor

  • Lower Entrance Hall
  • Lower Courtyard
  • Education
  • Function Halls
  • Visitor Services.

Marinduque Sperm Whale at the Hyundai Entrance Hall

The Hyundai Entrance Hall houses a prominent highlight of the museum’s osteological collection, the almost completely intact skeleton of the Marinduque Sperm Whale, a toothed whale of the species Physeter macrocephalus hangs from its ceiling. A male, it was found in Torrijos, Marinduque, near Cagpo.    Measuring 13.5 m. (43.5 ft.) long, it was purchased by the National Museum of the Philippines from Mr. Luciano Matienzo who recovered, cleaned, preserved and kept it. It was unveiled on February 16, 2019, World Whale Day.

Richard McGregor Hallway

Displayed at the Richard McGregor Hallway are the petrified wood collection of Larry and Pat Gotuaco, donated to the National Museum of the Philippines in 2018.  The collection includes 88 foreign woods from the USA, Indonesia, India, Myanmar, Saudi Arabia, and Greece as well as eight large pieces of petrified wood from Cagayan, Iloilo, and Mindoro.

Cagayan Petrified Wood (Middle Pleistocene)

The wood structures, preserved in detail, are shaded in vivid hues and complex color patterns with the mineral present determining the colors of the wood such as blue-green color from chromium, copper, and cobalt-rich minerals; red-brown, orange, pink and yellow color from manganese and iron-rich minerals; transparent white and gray color from silica-rich mineral; and black color from carbon-rich mineral.

Philippine Eagle named Gemma

Behind glass, you will also see the taxidermied Philippine eagles Gemma (named after former National Museum Director and beauty queen Gemma Cruz-Araneta) and Tinuy-an (named after a waterfalls in Bislig, Surigao del Sur).

Paradise Regained – Ramon Orlina)

At the Lower Courtyard is the large-scale glass sculpture “ARCANUM XIX, Paradise Regained” (1976) by renowned glass sculptor Ramon Orlina.

Gallery XI (Our Natural Inheritance) – Phinma North Exhibition Hall

Second Floor

  • Gallery XI (Our Natural Inheritance): Phinma North Exhibition Hall
  • Gallery XII (Temporary Exhibitions): Phinma South Exhibition Hall
  • Upper Entrance Hall
  • Upper Courtyard
  • Ayala Reception Hall

Replica of Tyrannosaurus rex skull (Late Cretaceous Period)

The Shell Philippines Centennial Upper Courtyard houses four museum-authorized replicas of famous dinosaur fossil discoveries, acquired in 2018 and part of the Larry and Pat Gotuaco Collection, all made to the exact specifications of the original pieces which are under the care of several museums abroad.

Replica of Camarasaurus grandis skull (Late Jurassic Epoch)

The dinosaur skull replicas include the Tyrannosaurus rex (Late Cretaceous Period, 68 to 66 million years ago), the Ceratosaurus nasicornis (Late Jurassic Epoch: 155 to 145 million years ago), and the Camarasaurus grandis (Late Jurassic Epoch, 155 to 145 million years ago). A left hind leg of the Camarasaurus grandis is also part of the exhibition.

Giant tapestry posters along the Shell Philippines Centennial Upper Courtyard feature three unique animals endemic to the Philippine archipelago – the Philippine Eagle, the Tamaraw and the Philippine Tarsier.

Check out “Gallery XI (Our Natural Inheritance),” “Ayala Reception Hall” and “The Sad Tale of Lolong“

Gallery IX (Mangroves, Beaches and Intertidal Zones) – Bloomberry North Exhibition Hall

Third Floor

  • Gallery IX (Mangroves, Beaches and Intertidal Zones) –Bloomberry North Exhibition Hall.
  • Gallery X (The Marine Realm) –Bloomberry South Exhibition Hall.

Gallery X (The Marine Realm) – Bloomberry South Exhibition Hall

The Juan de Cuellar y Villanueva Corridor here houses a series of oil paintings, commissioned by Dr. Edgardo Quisumbing (Father of Philippine Orchidology and one of the museum’s former directors) and executed between 1948 and 1960, documenting the different varieties of orchids around the country.

Check out “Gallery IX (Mangroves, Beaches and Intertidal Zones)” and “Gallery X (The Marine Realm)”

Gallery V (Mossy, Montane and Pine Forests) – Zuellig Family Exhibition Hall

Gallery VI (Lowland Evergreen Rainforests)

Fourth Floor

  • Gallery V (Mossy, Montane and Pine Forests) – Zuellig Family Exhibition Hall
  • Gallery VI (Lowland Evergreen Rainforests)
  • Gallery VII (Ultramafic and Limestone Karst Forests) –First Philippine Holdings Exhibition Hall.·
  • Gallery VIII (Freshwater Wetlands) –Megaworld Exhibition Hall.

Check out “Gallery V (Mossy, Montane and Pine Forests),” “Gallery VI (Lowland Evergreen Rainforests),” “Gallery VII (Ultramafic and Limestone Karst Forests)” and “Gallery VIII (Freshwater Wetlands)”

Gallery VII (Ultramafic and Limestone Karst Forests) – First Philippine Holdings Exhibition Hall

Gallery VIII (Freshwater Wetlands) – Megaworld Exhibition Hall

Fifth Floor

  • Gallery I (Philippine Biodiversity): Sunlife Philippines Exhibition Hall
  • Gallery II (The Geology of the Philippines)
  • Gallery III (Minerals and Energy Resources)
  • Gallery IV (Life Through Time)

Check out “Gallery I (Philippine Biodiversity),””Gallery II (The Geology of the Philippines),” “Gallery III (Minerals and Energy Resources)” and Gallery IV (Life Through Time)”

Gallery I (Philippine Biodiversity) – Sunlife Philippines Exhibition Hall

Gallery II (The Geology of the Philippines)

Sixth Floor

  • Roof Garden
  • Function Halls
  • National Museum Conference Center.

Gallery III (Minerals and Energy Resources)

Gallery IV (Life Through Time)

National Museum of Natural History:  Agrifina Circle, Rizal Park, T.M. Kalaw cor. Gen. Luna Sts., Manila. Open Tuesdays – Sundays,   9 AM to 12 noon (cut off time is 11 AM) and 1 to 4 PM (cut off time is 3 PM). Tel: 82981100 local 3000 and 85277889.  E-mail:  cmvod@nationalmuseum.ph or inquiry@nationalmuseumph.gov.ph. Visitors shall be limited to 100 per museum per session. Visitors are required to pre-book online at https://reservation.nationalmuseum.gov at least a day before the visit. Confirmation of booking will be sent through email.Group reservations are limited to five (5) persons only.  Walk-in visitors will NOT be accommodated.  Coordinates: 14°34′59.9″N 120°58′55.9″E.

Manila Central Post Office Building (Manila)

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Manila Central Post Office Building

The Manila Central Post Office Building (often called the Post Office Building), the center of the Philippine postal services and the headquarters of then-Bureau of Posts (now the Philippine Postal Corporation), houses the main mail sorting-distribution operations of the Philippines. This building hums daily with brisk postal service with letters pouring in daily from every corner of the country.

The Post Office Building as seen from Liwasang Bonifacio

This principal postal hub of today’s modern and efficient Philippine Postal Corporation, still continuing a centuries-old tradition of sorting and distributing letters from Filipinos who still prefer the postal service, houses a mechanized automatic letter-sorting machine, a new Postal Code system, airmail, motorized letter carriers and other facilities.

The Post Office Building from the other bank of the Pasig River

Strategically located along the banks of the Pasig River (part of the Burnham Plan of Manila for easy water transportation of mails), at the foot of Jones Bridge, it lies at the northern end of Liwasang Bonifacio (formerly Plaza Lawton where building’s main entrance faces) in Ermita and  is flanked by the Manila Metropolitan Theater to its northwest. Its central location, with converging avenues, made the building readily accessible from Quiapo, Binondo, Malate and Ermita as well as the Pasig River (used conveniently as an easy route for delivering mail).

Check out “The Revitalized Jones Bridge”

The building’s northeast wing

This official transmitter of mail, money and goods traces its beginnings to the September 15, 1902 Act No. 462 of the Philippine Commission which created the Bureau of Posts. On April 13, 1987, the Bureau of Post was renamed the Postal Service Office (PSO) by the virtue of Executive Order No. 125 signed by then-President Corazon C. Aquino, placing it under the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) and, on April 2, 1992, by virtue of the Republic Act No.7354 issued by then-President Fidel V. Ramos, PSO became a government owned and controlled corporation named as the Philippine Postal Corporation (more commonly known today as PhilPost). It is now under the direct supervision of the Office of the President.

The building’s southwest wing

From August 2, 1920 up to January 9, 1922, the foundation of the post office was laid out but the work was put on hold because of the scarcity of funds (it was worth one million pesos) but was reported to be 56% complete towards the end of the year. The plan for the completion of post office building was made public on November 28, 1927 but the awarding of the project only happened a year after, on February 1928, when the completion of the building was continued.   The building was completed in 1931.

The Ionic capitals of the fluted marble columns.  The entablature above is decorated with medallions and lined with dentils

Designed in Neo-Classical style (expressing order and balance) by Filipino architects Juan M. Arellano (considered as his magnum opus) and Tomás Mapúa and American architect Ralph Harrington Doane, it is one of the greatest examples of American Colonial architecture in the Philippines.  The construction of the original building began under the supervision of the architecture firm of Pedro Siochi and Company.

During World War II, it was severely damaged in the Battle of Manila and was, subsequently, rebuilt in 1946 while retaining most of its original design. Considered as the grandest building during its time, the Post Office Building is now considered as one of the dominating landmarks in Metro Manila. On November 23, 2018, because of its architectural significance, it was declared as an Important Cultural Property (ICP) by the National Museum of the Philippines.

In 2012, with more modern ways of communication and advancing technology now widespread and the cost of maintaining the building too much, talks are underway between the Department of Finance and Fullerton Hotels of Singapore to convert the building into a 5-star hotel.

The main body of the huge, colossal rectangular facade, lined by 14 soaring fluted marble columns with Ionic capitals (above the steps just before entering the lobby), is capped by a recessed rectangular attic storey and flanked and buttressed by two semicircular wings or drums. The entablature above the columns are decorated with medallions and lined with dentils. 

The square columns topped by Doric capitals and medallions. The cornice is lined by scroll-like decorations.

At each end of the main lobby are subsidiary halls housed under semicircular spaces roofed with domes. The plain, square columns here are topped by Doric capitals, above which are medallions.  The top of the cornice are lined with scroll-like decorations. 

The big windows with their Grecian-style steel grilles

The big windows of the building are lined with steel grilles with Grecian patterns.  The atrium in the middle of the building  provides natural light and ventilation.

The Postman statue

In front of the building is the Postman Statue, symbolizing the extraordinary level of commitment of the postal force, was erected last September 15, 1975 to coincide with the 73rd anniversary of the establishment of the Bureau of Posts.

On November 23, 2018, a Museum Ceremonial Groundbreaking Marker was mounted to start the construction and retrofitting of Philippine Postal and Philatelic Museum which houses a historical archive of postage stamps, important letters of national personalities and other artifacts.  The MCPO also sells the latest stamp issues from it Philatelic Section as well as other types of different stamps (Mint, Cancelled, se-tenant, Souvenir Sheets and Sheetlets).  Annually, the MCPO also exhibits old stamps and mailing equipment.

AUTHOR’S NOTES

The facade of the Post Office, seemingly impressive along the Liwasang Bonifacio side, is quite depressing when seen, up close and personal, along the Pasig River side.  The grounds at this side have been taken over by some vagrants and, similar to what is happening with many of our old churches, advanced plant growth has taken root over parts of the facade.  The now peeling and fading paint job has also been vandalized by graffiti.  Dangling wires are also an eyesore.

 

Manila Central Post Office Building: Liwasang Bonifacio, Magallanes Drive, Intramuros, Manila. Tel: (02) 8527-0089.

Museo ng Pamana at Kasaysayang Boholano (Loay, Bohol)

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Museo ng Pamana at Kasaysayang Boholano.  The escuela de los Ninos is on the left and the Casa Tribunal on the right

Part of the Panglao Bluewater Resort-sponsored CountrysideTour

After lunch at Panglao Bluewater Resort, we met up with Mr. Christopher “Boyet” Boncales, our guidefor our resort-sponsored Countryside Tour, at the reception area.  Boyet, 43, a tour guide of 25 years, has been guiding VIPs, ambassadors and other high ranking officials to Bohol. We all boarded our Travel Village coaster for the 33-km. (1-hour drive) to Loay’s Holy Trinity Church Compound.

Check out “Resort Review: Panglao Bluewater Resort“

Check out “Church of the Holy Trinity“

Upon arrival, we were welcomed by Ms. Perlina Alo, curator of the Museo ng Pamana at Kasaysayang Boholano (Museum of Boholano Heritage and History).

The 2-storey Casa Tribunal. Notice the non-centering of openings. Above the main entrance is an anagram of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Anagram of the Blessed Virgin Mary above the entrance door of Casa Tribunal

Under the jurisdiction of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP), the museum is housed within two buildings at the compound– the 2-storey Casa Tribunal (the old tribunal or municipal building) and the single-storey Escuela de los Ninos (school for boys).

The one-storey Escuela de los Ninos

The former’s solid stone architecture and non-centering of openings probably makes it one of the earliest structures in the compound and the 18th century anagram of Blessed Virgin Mary over main door belies its construction under the supervision of Recollect parish priests.

Ms. Perlita Alo (center) briefing our media group

The latter, one of two schoolhouses (the other one, for girls, faces it from across the plaza), was also built by the Recollects and dates from the last quarter of the 19th century.

Religious paraphernalia and statuary

Paintings of Four Evangelists by Ray Francia

Ms. Alo first toured us inside the Casa Tribunal. The exhibit on the ground floor centers on the materials used in the construction of the church complex – coralstone, limestone, batikuling (Litsea leytensis, wood used for religious images), apitong (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus, a local hardwood), narra (Pterocarpus indicus); bakan (Melia azedarach); etc.

Scaled model of the church compound

Face Value: The Faces of Philippine Numismatics

Also on exhibit are religious statuary and paraphernalia; a scaled model of the church complex and currently being restored paintings (from the spandrels at the church dome ceiling) of the Four Evangelists (Luke, John, Matthew and Mark) done by Ray Francia.

Gallery 1

Gallery II

At the second floor are exhibits on the methods of construction; the evolution of churches in the 1600s; the restoration methodology of the NHCP plus 3 scaled models of Loay’s church.  Also at the second floor is the exhibit entitled:” FACE VALUE: THE FACES OF PHILIPPINE NUMISMATICS” ongoing from October 30 to November 10, 2019.

Scaled Models of Ancestral Houses

Scaled model of Loay Church

Moving on to the Escuela de los Ninos, we watched an audio-visual presentation of the history of Bohol at the foyer.  Exhibits at the two galleries centers on episodes in Bohol’s history – Early Boholano History; Arrival of the Spaniards; Changes Under the Spanish; Tamblot’s Revolt; Dagohoy’s Revolt; The Cantonal Government; Resistance Against the Americans; Change Under the Americans; Resistance Against the Japanese during World War II; and Rehabilitation and Growth.

Copy of Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde’s Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas (1734, A Hydrographical and Chorographical Chart of the Philippine Islands)

Also on display here are scaled models of Bohol’s bahay na bato or stone houses (Zarraga Ancestral House and Clarin Ancestral House in Loay; Rocha Ancestral House and Balili Heritage House in Tagbilaran City; etc.); a copy of Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde’s (1696-1753) Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas (1734, A Hydrographical and Chorographical Chart of the Philippine Islands); a painting of the Blood Compact; a church confessional; seals of the Cantonal Government; and a bust of Pres. Carlos P. Garcia.

Bust of Pres. Carlos P. Garcia, Bohol’s first and, so far, only native-born Philippine president

Painting of the Blood Compact

Check out “Balili Heritage House” and “The Ancestral Houses of Sitio Ubos“

Museo ng Pamana at Kasaysayang Boholano: Holy Trinity Church Compound, Loay, Bohol. Open Tuesdays to Sundays, 8 AM to 4 PM. Admission is free.  Mobile number: (0915) 178-0325.

Bohol Tourism Office: Governor’s Mansion Compound, C.P.G. Ave. North, Tagbilaran City, 6300 Bohol.  Tel: +63 38 501-9186.  E-mail: inquire@boholtourismph.com. 

Panglao Bluewater Resort: Bluewater Rd., Sitio Daurong, Brgy. Danao, Panglao, 6340 Bohol.  Tel: (038) 416-0702 and (038) 416-0695 to 96. Fax: (038) 416-0697.  Email: panglao@bluewater.com.ph. Website: www.bluewaterpanglao.com.ph.  Manila sales office: Rm. 704, Cityland Herrera Tower, Rufino cor. Valera Sts., Salcedo Village, 1227 Makati City, Metro Manila.  Tel: (632) 817-5751 and (632) 887-1348.  Fax: (632) 893-5391.