From Hanoi Train Street, a short 2-km. (10-min.) drive brought us to the 11.551-hectare (1,243,350 sq. ft.) Hoàn Kiếm Lake (Vietnamese: Hồ Hoàn Kiếm), a fresh water lake in the heart of Hanoi that is a popular cultural and historical landmark for both locals and tourists. In the past, the lake was variously named as “Lục Thủy Lake” (Vietnamese: Hồ Lục Thủy, meaning “Green Water Lake,” aptly named for the water’s color), “Thủy Quân Lake” (Vietnamese: Hồ Thủy Quân, meaning “Mariner’s Lake”), Chữ Hán (meaning “Lake of the Returned Sword” or “Lake of the Restored Sword”), Sword Lake (Hồ Gươm) or Tả Vọng Lake (Hồ Tả Vọng, its first name).
Check out “Hanoi Train Street”
The area, one of the major scenic spots in the city and a focal point for its public life, is a powerful symbol of Vietnamese independence and resilience. Connected to the city’s Old Quarter, it is surrounded by several major streets (including Dinh Tien Hoang, Le Thai To, and Hang Khay), walking paths, flower gardens and age-old trees, making it an ideal place for a morning jog, a leisurely stroll, Tai Chi sessions, or simply unwinding while enjoying the scenic view, reflecting the harmonious balance between urban life and nature. In 1891, the French built a road around Hoan Kiem Lake and, on New Year’s Eve 1893, it was officially inaugurated.
During weekends, the area around the lake becomes a pedestrian-only zone, coming alive with street performances, cultural showcases, and local delicacies, offering a vibrant energy and experience for travelers. It has a maximum length of 700 m. (2,300 ft.), a maximum width of 250 m. (820 ft.), an average depth of 1.2 m. (3.9 ft.) and a maximum depth of 2 m. (6.6 ft.).
The lake’s name comes from a legend which is deeply intertwined with Vietnam’s history and folklore.
During the 15th-century, Emperor Lê Lợi, while boating on the lake, was given Heaven’s Will, a magical sword, by the Dragon King (Long Vương) , a local god, to defeat the Ming Dynasty of China. After his victory, the Golden Turtle God (Kim Qui) surfaced to reclaim the sword and return it to its divine realm, and the king renamed the lake to commemorate the event.
The iconic Turtle Tower (Tháp Rùa), a small tower standing on a small island near the center of the lake, is linked to the legend. For many years, large soft-shell turtles (either the species Rafetus swinhoei or a separate species named Rafetus leloi in honor of the emperor), have been sighted in the lake but the last known individual was found dead on January 19, 2016. There are three remaining turtles of the species Rafetus swinhoei.
Jade Islet, near the northern shore of the lake, is home to the Temple of the Jade Mountain (Ngoc Son Temple). Built in the early 19th century, the temple, originally dedicated to “Three Sages” Wenchang Dijun, Guan Yu and Lü Dongbin, also honors Trần Hưng Đạo, a 13th-century military leader and national hero who distinguished himself in defeating the Mongol invasions of Vietnam thrice; the classic scholar Văn Xương; Taoist master La To and Nguyễn Văn Siêu, a famous writer and official who undertook repairs of the temple in 1864.
Its architecture is a blend of traditional Vietnamese styles, with intricate wooden carvings, red-lacquered pillars, and delicate dragon motifs, while inside, visitors can observe ancient artifacts, calligraphy, and a preserved specimen of the sacred turtle believed to be linked to the legend of the lake. Buildings of the temple, all with symbolic meaning, include the Tháp Bút (“The Pen Tower,” it is inscribed with the words “Ta Thanh Thien,” which means “Writing on the Blue Sky”, symbolizing the importance of literature and education in Vietnamese culture), the Đài Nghiên (ink-slab), the Đắc Nguyệt (“moon contemplation pavilion”) and the Đình Trấn Ba (pavilion against waves).
Jade Island is accessed, from the shore, by the wooden Thê Húc Bridge (Cầu Thê Húc). Painted vermillion red, the bridge’s name is poetically translated as “Perch of the Morning Sunlight.” One of the most photographed spots in Hanoi, it stands out against the emerald-green waters of Hoan Kiem Lake.
On the western bank of Hoan Kiem Lake, along Le Thai To Street, is the “Ly Thai To Monument” with its statue honoring King Ly Thai To (974–1028), the first emperor of the Ly dynasty, who reigned from 1009 to 1028 AD. He is best known for moving the capital to Hanoi (then called Thang Long), in 1010 AD, and for leading the resistance against the Ming army in the 15th century.
Hoan Kiem Lake: Hàng Khay Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Vietnam. Coordinates: 21°01′44″N 105°51′09″E.
How to Get There: The lake is conveniently located near the Old Quarter and is easily accessible.
